Incomplete Ruler – Intro
Incomplete Ruler – Verse and Pre-Chorus
Incomplete Ruler – Chorus
Incomplete Ruler – Chorus Lead-Out
Related Music Concepts
Basic Chords
Chords naturally found in the key
Inverted Chords
Using a different bass note to change a chord's sound
Diminished Chords
A chord built from stacked minor thirds — dark and unstable
Seventh Chords
Adding one more note to the basic chords
Suspended Chords
A chord with built in tension and release
Altered Chords
Altered (raised or lowered) notes create tension and complexity in chords
Chord-Melody Tension
How much the melody clashes with the underlying chords
Bassline Motion
How much the bass moves stepwise between chord roots
Song Stats
●
Key
A♭ Major
Tempo
170 BPM
Meter
4/4
Genre
Video Game, J-Pop
Melody Range
G4 – Eb5
Mood
Tense, Simple, Upbeat, Bright
Most Used Chord
IV
Chord Complexity
12
Chord Complexity: Tracks when a song goes beyond simple three-note chords—either by adding extra tones (like 7ths or add9s) or by borrowing notes from outside the key—creating richer, more sophisticated harmonies.
Melodic Complexity
47
Melodic Complexity: Reflects two factors: the use of notes outside the key and rhythmic syncopation, together capturing how intricate or surprising a melody feels.
Chord-Melody Tension
87
Chord-Melody Tension: Quantifies how often melody notes fall outside the current chord, producing dissonance that creates a sense of instability.
Chord Prog. Novelty
21
Chord Prog. Novelty: Measures how uncommon a song's chord changes are compared to others in the Hooktheory database, highlighting progressions that deviate from typical patterns.
Concepts
Song Stats
●
Key
A♭ Major
Tempo
168 BPM
Meter
4/4
Genre
Video Game, J-Pop
Melody Range
Eb3 – F4
Mood
Tense, Upbeat, Bright
Most Used Chord
IV
Chord Complexity
37
Chord Complexity: Tracks when a song goes beyond simple three-note chords—either by adding extra tones (like 7ths or add9s) or by borrowing notes from outside the key—creating richer, more sophisticated harmonies.
Melodic Complexity
44
Melodic Complexity: Reflects two factors: the use of notes outside the key and rhythmic syncopation, together capturing how intricate or surprising a melody feels.
Chord-Melody Tension
93
Chord-Melody Tension: Quantifies how often melody notes fall outside the current chord, producing dissonance that creates a sense of instability.
Chord Prog. Novelty
51
Chord Prog. Novelty: Measures how uncommon a song's chord changes are compared to others in the Hooktheory database, highlighting progressions that deviate from typical patterns.
Song Stats
●
Key
B Major
Tempo
168 BPM
Meter
3/4
Genre
Video Game, J-Pop
Melody Range
D#4 – F#5
Mood
Tense, Simple, Upbeat, Bright
Most Used Chord
IV
Chord Complexity
24
Chord Complexity: Tracks when a song goes beyond simple three-note chords—either by adding extra tones (like 7ths or add9s) or by borrowing notes from outside the key—creating richer, more sophisticated harmonies.
Melodic Complexity
10
Melodic Complexity: Reflects two factors: the use of notes outside the key and rhythmic syncopation, together capturing how intricate or surprising a melody feels.
Chord-Melody Tension
85
Chord-Melody Tension: Quantifies how often melody notes fall outside the current chord, producing dissonance that creates a sense of instability.
Chord Prog. Novelty
27
Chord Prog. Novelty: Measures how uncommon a song's chord changes are compared to others in the Hooktheory database, highlighting progressions that deviate from typical patterns.
Song Stats
●
Key
B Major
Tempo
168 BPM
Meter
4/4
Genre
Video Game, J-Pop
Melody Range
D#4 – F#5
Mood
Tense, Simple, Upbeat, Bright
Most Used Chord
iii
Chord Complexity
20
Chord Complexity: Tracks when a song goes beyond simple three-note chords—either by adding extra tones (like 7ths or add9s) or by borrowing notes from outside the key—creating richer, more sophisticated harmonies.
Melodic Complexity
28
Melodic Complexity: Reflects two factors: the use of notes outside the key and rhythmic syncopation, together capturing how intricate or surprising a melody feels.
Chord-Melody Tension
84
Chord-Melody Tension: Quantifies how often melody notes fall outside the current chord, producing dissonance that creates a sense of instability.
Chord Prog. Novelty
26
Chord Prog. Novelty: Measures how uncommon a song's chord changes are compared to others in the Hooktheory database, highlighting progressions that deviate from typical patterns.
Concepts
Song Stats
●
Tempo
170 BPM
Meter
4/4
Genre
Video Game, J-Pop
Melody Range
Eb3 – F#5
Mood
Tense, Simple, Upbeat, Bright
Most Used Chord
IV
Chord Complexity
21
Chord Complexity: Tracks when a song goes beyond simple three-note chords—either by adding extra tones (like 7ths or add9s) or by borrowing notes from outside the key—creating richer, more sophisticated harmonies.
Melodic Complexity
28
Melodic Complexity: Reflects two factors: the use of notes outside the key and rhythmic syncopation, together capturing how intricate or surprising a melody feels.
Chord-Melody Tension
90
Chord-Melody Tension: Quantifies how often melody notes fall outside the current chord, producing dissonance that creates a sense of instability.
Chord Prog. Novelty
29
Chord Prog. Novelty: Measures how uncommon a song's chord changes are compared to others in the Hooktheory database, highlighting progressions that deviate from typical patterns.
About Incomplete Ruler
About the Key
A♭ Major
It is the least popular key among Major keys and the 21st most popular among all keys. Major keys, along with minor keys, are a common choice for popular songs.
I IV V
Most Important Chords
The three most important chords, built off the 1st, 4th and 5th scale degrees are all major chords (A♭ Major, D♭ Major, and E♭ Major).
A♭ Major Cheat Sheet
Popular chords, progressions, downloadable MIDI files and more
About the Chord Progressions
| Section | Progression | Songs with this progression |
|---|---|---|
| Intro |
IV
V
vi
iii
|
|
| Verse and Pre-Chorus |
IV
V
vi
iii7
|
|
| Chorus |
IV
V
vi
I
IV
V
vi
|
|
| Chorus Lead-Out |
I
iii
IV
iii6
vi
V
IV
|
|
About the Melody
Melody data is compiled from all analyzed melody sections, so depending on how a user analyzed a song, "melody" might include instrumental notes.
Eb3 – F#5
Melody range across 27 semitones
0.85 beats/note
Across 264.0 beats of melody
Stepwise Motion
Jumpiness
Repeaty
100%
Diatonic
Percentage of notes within the song's key.
44%
Chord Tones
Percentage of notes that fall on a chord tone of the underlying harmony.
Mixed
Consonance
How smoothly the melody blends with the harmony (0 = dissonant, 1 = consonant).
Loose
Syncopation
How often the melody emphasizes off-beats. Higher = more syncopated.
About the Metrics
Chord Complexity
Chord Complexity tracks when a song goes beyond simple three-note chords—either by adding extra tones (like 7ths or add9s) or by borrowing notes from outside the key—creating richer, more sophisticated harmonies.
Melodic Complexity
Melodic Complexity reflects two factors: the use of notes outside the key and rhythmic syncopation, together capturing how intricate or surprising a melody feels.
Chord-Melody Tension
Chord-Melody Tension quantifies how often melody notes fall outside the current chord, producing dissonance that creates a sense of instability.
Chord Progression Novelty
Chord Progression Novelty measures how uncommon a song's chord changes are compared to others in the Hooktheory database, highlighting progressions that deviate from typical patterns.
Chord-Bass Melody
Chord–Bass Melody evaluates how smoothly the bass moves between chords, scoring higher when it travels step-wise, ascending or descending, instead of jumping directly between root position chords.
Hooktheory's metrics are calculated against the entire database of analyzed songs, where 50 is the "average song." Learn more about each of these metrics here.
Chord Complexity
21
Measures how diverse and sophisticated the chord vocabulary is in this song.
Percentile: 21/100 — below average
Melodic Complexity
28
Measures the range, intervallic variety, and rhythmic complexity of the melody.
Percentile: 28/100 — below average
Chord-Melody Tension
90
Measures how much the melody notes clash or harmonize with the underlying chords.
Percentile: 90/100 — above average
Chord Prog. Novelty
29
Measures how unusual or unexpected the chord progressions are compared to common patterns.
Percentile: 29/100 — below average
Chord-Bass Melody
93
Measures the melodic movement of the bass notes across chord changes.
Percentile: 93/100 — above average
Song Data
Metrics Radar Chart
Incomplete RulerAverage Song
BPM Comparison
Melody Distribution
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Melodic Intervals
Distribution of note-to-note jumps in semitones (negative = downward, positive = upward)
Note Durations
How long each note is held (in beats)
Syncopation
How many notes fall on each level of metric strength (0 = on-beat, higher = increasingly off-beat)
Level 0
Notes that fall on the downbeat — the strongest metric position in the measure.
Level 1
Notes on a secondary strong beat (e.g. beat 3 in 4/4) — still firmly on the grid.
Level 2
Notes on the remaining primary beats (2 and 4 in 4/4) — moderate metric weight.
Level 3
Notes on eighth-note offbeats — between the primary beats. Audibly syncopated.
